ABSTRACT
This chapter deals with concepts and procedures for testing inferences about proportions that involve the normal distribution. It describes a third inferential testing situation, testing hypotheses about proportions. Proportion represents the percentage of individuals or objects that fall into a particular category. The population variance of the sampling distribution of the proportion is known as the variance error of the proportion. The chapter discusses concepts and procedures for testing inferences about proportions that involve the chi-square distribution. The chi-square test of association is used to determine whether there is an association or relationship between two or more categorical variables. Several measures of effect size, such as correlation coefficients and measures of association, can be requested in Statistical Package for Social Sciences or computed in R, and are commonly reported effect size indices for results from chi-square tests of association.
