ABSTRACT

Austerity, fiscal consolidation, fiscal discipline and fiscal deficit targets have become the buzzwords of contemporary macroeconomic policy. By tracing the history of macroeconomic schools of thought, Maximum Government, Maximum Governance explores the origins, essence, shortcomings and deception of mainstream neoliberal macroeconomics. Arguing that economies are financially constrained, neoliberal macro­economics dislodged full employment as the target of policy replacing it with a low and stable inflation target. Monetary policy under the control of an independent central bank became the primary instrument to assist free and globalized markets to propel economies towards full employment. How­ever, the global financial crisis of 2008 and rising inequalities of income and wealth in the last decade within and across economies has led to rise of nationalist-populist leaders in many parts of the world. Although neoliberal economics has been put under the scanner by these leaders, their actions seem reactionary and without a coherent understanding of alternative schools of economic thought. An alternative based on sound economic reasoning and institutional realities is required to challenge neoliberal and arbitrary populist policies.
Based on an introductory analysis of Modern Money Theory (MMT), this book seeks to present an alternative viewpoint on macroeconomics and macroeconomic policy to address the challenges of economic growth, un­employment and inequality. While adherents of MMT are convinced of its robustness, the challenge is to reframe macroeconomic discourse, which must essentially reject the notion that an economy is financially constrained and instead turn the spotlight on real resource and governance constraints.

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part I|58 pages

Mainstream Macro-Economic Discourse

chapter Chapter 1|6 pages

Economics and Macroeconomics

chapter Chapter 2|16 pages

The Classical and Keynesian Macroeconomic Paradigms

chapter Chapter 3|5 pages

The Neo-Keynesian Paradigm

chapter Chapter 4|6 pages

Monetarism and the Decline of Neo-Keynesianism

chapter Chapter 5|11 pages

The ‘New’ Macroeconomics

chapter Chapter 6|8 pages

From Stabilization to Growth and Development

chapter Chapter 7|4 pages

A Summary of Neoliberal Macroeconomics

part II|40 pages

Popular Macroeconomic Discourse in India

chapter Chapter 9|30 pages

India's Neoliberal Policy Framework

part III|86 pages

Modern Money Theory

chapter Chapter 10|12 pages

Modern Money and Economic Sovereignty

chapter Chapter 11|10 pages

Fiscal Deficits in a Modern Money Economy

chapter Chapter 12|9 pages

The Hierarchy of Money

chapter Chapter 13|16 pages

Banking and Endogenous Money Theory

chapter Chapter 14|10 pages

Monetary Policy in the MMT Framework

chapter Chapter 15|23 pages

The Sectoral Financial Balances Model

chapter Chapter 16|4 pages

A Summary of Insights from MMT

part IV|23 pages

Reframing India's Macroeconomic Discourse

chapter Chapter 17|21 pages

Maximum Government, Maximum Governance