Spanish Enclaves in North Africa

Ceuta, Melilla, the Pen˜o´n de Ve´lez de la Gomera, the Pen˜o´n de Alhucemas, and the Chafarinas Islands are the Spanish enclaves in North Africa. They are not very well known and there is not a lot of literature on them [1]. Even some of the most specialized works are not very accurate on some points [2].