ABSTRACT
The Tuskegee Syphilis Study, which was conducted by the U.S. Public Health Service (PHS) through the Tuskegee Institute between 1932 and 1972, sought to examine the "effects of untreated syphilis on the [N]egro male."[1] The study began with at least one good purpose: to consider ways to improve the health of African–American males in the south. It ended with the broad recognition that its means violated the individual rights of study participants, that researchers in the study had been failed by their individual integrity, and that the organization conducting the study did not contain sufficient checks on professional practice to restrict unethical action (described below).
