ABSTRACT

Denison (1996, p. 634) notes that "the culture literature is grounded in the symbolic interaction and social construction perspectives developed by Mead (1934) and Berger and Luckmann (1966)," yet it was not until the 1980s and the publication of Hofstede's (1980) Culture's Consequences, Peters and Waterman's (1982) In Search of Excellence, and Deal and Kennedy's (1982) Corporate Cultures that we witnessed an unparalleled growth of interest in this subject. Throughout this period, numerous authors examined the importance of organizational culture from both internal and external points of view, as illustrated below.