ABSTRACT
Hypothesis testing is omnipresent in behavioral and biomedical research, and usually concerns evaluating whether effects exist in the population. For example, the research question might be: is there a difference between groups on average? This chapter presents a Bayesian method to evaluate hypotheses for each person in a sample and aggregate this result to answer the question whether a hypothesis holds for everyone in the sample, rather than on average. Using an empirical data set, the methodology is illustrated step by step: from formulating the research question and hypotheses to modelling the data and drawing conclusions.
