ABSTRACT
Comprehension is the ultimate goal of the reading process. At the very beginning of the school year, elementary students are screened for essential reading components, including comprehension, vocabulary, fluency, phonics, and phonological awareness. Students at the lower section of Column 1 have also mastered decoding and fluency of reading words. They are able to demonstrate phonological awareness, phonics, and fluency skills. Students in the lower section of Column 1 need more than just standards work. They need help with the simplest forms of comprehension, as well as additional support in developing their vocabulary. According to state exam scores, they may be designated as below basic, basic, proficient, or advanced in relation to state assessment. Particular sessions focus on literature and informational comprehension standards. If students consistently perform basic or below basic on standard assessment, then students should be placed at the bottom of Column 1.
