ABSTRACT
The challenges and requirements of the current world are persistently driving the invention and advancement of newer kinds of materials depending upon the complexities of problems. On the one hand, the applications of these new materials let engineers and designers design any type of multifaceted structure; on the other hand, these applications also pose a set of unique challenges in terms of integrating a number of components into a single element. These challenges include different physical, chemical, and mechanical properties; different melting points of materials; and the various dimensions of the components. In the beginning, mechanical fastening methods such as nuts and bolts, screws, and self-piercing rivets were used to join dissimilar materials in the automotive industry. However, the properties of mechanical methods, such as high consumable cost, inconsistent nature, and added weight have caused attention to shift toward a robust, fast, and trustworthy welding method. For instance, in the spot welding sector, are almost 5,000 weld spots are required to build one car. Although numerous welding technologies are present in the current market, the joining of dissimilar materials is still a challenge.
