ABSTRACT
The mitigation hierarchy of Avoid – Minimize – Rectify – Compensate provides a useful framework for the development of mitigation options and is illustrated in Figure 10.3. The mitigation hierarchy neatly summarizes common sense. Negative environmental impacts are best avoided. For this reason the study of project alternatives is so important in environmental assessment. Can the port site be moved to avoid the destruction of a mangrove forest? Is a closed cooling water cycle feasible to minimize water usage and water impacts? Is an alternative tailings disposal scheme environmentally superior?
