ABSTRACT
The Spanish sociogovernmental formula may best be described as comprehensive, moderately conservative and, in some specific respects, incomplete. The sociogovernmental formula describes the constitutionally sanctioned relationship between the state, on the one hand, and society and the individual, on the other hand. In drafting the sociogovernmental formula, constitution-makers must take into account the protection of individual and societal rights under both "normal" and "extraordinary" circumstances. The constitution-makers of 1978 were well aware of the emotional and sociopolitical implications of the subject. Most of the constitution-makers expressed satisfaction and acceptance of the articles concerning pluralism. There is a strong undercurrent throughout the document to guarantee the constitutionality of state action and the protection of the individual, yet an important loophole is left open for future resolution. The political-ideological behavior of the constitution-makers on the overall issue of church-state relations was as pragmatic as could have been expected.
