ABSTRACT
After his appearance before Gallio Paul stayed on in Corinth for some time, then returned by way of Kenchreai, Ephesus, and Caesarea to Antioch in Syria. At Ephesus he promised to return, so when he started out again on his third missionary journey he went through Galatia, Phrygia, and the “upper country” to Ephesus. The remarkable development of science and philosophy in these cities has already been alluded to with the earlier references to the work of Anaximander and Thales at Miletus and of Heraclitus at Ephesus. In 499 B.c. Miletus was involved in a revolt of the Ionians against the Persians, and after the Persians won a naval battle in 494 at the island of Lade, they plundered the city. After Lysimachus Ephesus was under the Ptolemies, then the Seleucids, and then the kings of Pergamum. At Ephesus the Third Ecumenical Council met in the Church of the Virgin Mary and proclaimed the doctrine of Mary as Theotokos.
