ABSTRACT
This chapter discusses countries subject to protectorate or colonial status, imposed by outsiders, with differential results, once again. A number of societies ruled by traditional elites became protectorates, particularly of Great Britain, with their autocracies and royal bureaucracies largely intact. While these are far from democratic and may encounter future conflict, their levels of general violence have remained relatively low. These include Bahrain, Bhutan, Brunei, Kiribati, Kuwait, the Maldive Islands, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, and the United Arab Emirates. Given that colonized societies have frequently been subject to the most destructive external treatment, they are often the most violent of all. This, however, is not always the case: some have included indigenous political development, development of self-rule, significant levels of economic growth, and generally low degrees of intergroup conflict. The chapter shows that nations may be supported as adaptive autocracies and bureaucratic states by outside powers in a manner which produces political and economic stability.
