ABSTRACT
The problem of the optimum utilization of human knowledge, therefore, falls squarely in the field of what can be called "normative science"—the study of human valuations within the ethic and methods of the scientific community. The search for greater success in encouraging processes that lead to bettering rather than worsening the human condition must begin with a consideration of the nature of human knowledge and the processes by which this knowledge is utilized. Knowledge, especially in the form of know-how, is by no means confined to human beings. Knowledge structures can be divided rather loosely into "folk" knowledge and "scholarly" knowledge. Scholarly knowledge is what is acquired and transmitted by specialists in the acquisition and transmission of knowledge. A very important question is that of the dynamics of the "noosphere," that is, of the total quantity and quality of human knowledge. Human knowledge is going to be utilized no matter what in production, education, decision making, and policy.
