ABSTRACT
The planning of research and development and of the implementation of its results must be more flexible than ordinary planning of ordinary industrial production, because new scientific and technical discoveries may make even the best plans obsolete. Science and technology constitute only one component of a program which also calls for matters as organizational reform and construction of expanded production facilities. Organizational financing is used for research within the confines of a single ministry, production association, or independent enterprise. The introduction of new products entails substantial costs for Soviet enterprises. Inevitably there is an interruption of the production process and relatively low productivity for a period of time as the enterprise masters the production of the new product. The scientific-production association has as its central unit a scientific research institute and various production units that are supposed to provide support in turning the results of the research done by the institute into practical products.
