ABSTRACT
The party member is found at almost every level in the society—in the collective farms, the factories, and the universities, as well as in the bureaucracy. Since the forced collectivization of 1929–1930, most peasants have lived on collective farms, or kolkhozy. Kolkhoz members are required to work parttime in the collective farm's fields, for which they are paid somewhat irregularly. Socialization is the process by which a growing child becomes a member of society. In all modern societies people are divided into groups on the basis of social and economic status, race and nationality, religion, and occupation, The USSR is no exception. These divisions into religious, ethnic, or economic groups are called social cleavages. Within the USSR four important dimensions of social cleavage can be distinguished: social class, nationality, religion, and membership in the Communist party.
