ABSTRACT
This chapter reports on the development of the notion of parental alienation by Richard Gardner and how his views triggered an ongoing debate about the existence and meaning of parental alienation. His conceptualisation of parental alienation as a syndrome is discussed, followed by the criticisms of his approach that resulted in the rejection by some of parental alienation on the basis of the syndrome lacking scientific merit. A case is then presented for parental alienation separate from the notion of a syndrome, with support coming from its international acceptance and the recognition of its existence in law. The argument that parental alienation is a myth is debunked with current research evidence being critically appraised, giving rise to a comprehensive understanding of current evidence-based conceptualisations of parental alienation.
