ABSTRACT
Upstream processes are as follows: (1) medium preparation including washing, sonication, thermal pretreatment, disinfection, sterilization, conservation, cooling, freezing, drying, heating, pasteurization, thermostabilization, pre-oxidation; (2) equipment preparation including cleaning, washing, sterilization, disinfection, refilling, checking, testing; (3) maintenance of the cultivation conditions: temperature, pH, aeration, stirring, antifoaming, concentration of dissolved oxygen, redox potential; (4) selection of inoculum: enrichment culture, pure culture, recombinant strain, toxicity and pathogenicity tests, stability tests; (5) cultivation of inoculum: batch, continuous, continuous selection; (6) aseptic conditions: air for aeration, indoor air, aseptic sampling. Core processes (biotreatment) are as follows: (1) inoculation (startup) and adaptation; (2) growth of microorganisms in different kinds of bioreactors; (3) performance of useful functions: degradation, oxidation, reduction, synthesis; (4) selection/succession; (5) monitoring and control. Downstream processes are as follows: (1) concentration; (2) separation; (3) recycling; (4) conservation; (5) packing; (6) disinfection; (7) disposal. A tutorial with solutions and a quiz bank are added to this chapter.
