In lieu of conclusion

The last chapter, entitled ‘In Lieu of Conclusion’, winds up the discussion on occupational change, providing details on issues that may be held responsible for the loss of tribes and their occupations. The ‘three factors’ and ‘four eventful years’ provide an explanation. The possibility of tribal occupational transformation is bleak given the state of education and economy in the ‘developed’ state of Punjab. The forces of modernisation are working against the tribal communities, resulting in detribalisation across the globe. It has been argued that if the Punjab state had played a responsible role in the transition of the tribal communities from tradition to modernity, their pangs could be lessened.