ABSTRACT
Heterocycles are an important class of compounds, accounting for over half of all known organic compounds. Most heterocycles have important applications in material science, such as in fluorescent sensors, dyestuff, information storage, brightening agents, plastics and analytical reagents. Heterocycles also act as semiconductors, organic conductors, photovoltaic cells, molecular wires, organic light-emitting diodes, optical data carriers, light harvesting systems, chemically controllable switches, and liquid crystalline compounds. Benzamidazoles, another category of heterocycles, are also well known for their pharmacological properties. Q. -F. Zhong and L. -P. Sun reported a tandem cascade carbon-chloride bond amination and intramolecular carbamate amidation for the synthesis of analogous pyrimidine-fused heterocycles from substrates, using trans-4-hydroxyl-L-proline ligand and cuprous chloride catalyst. Many valuable nitrogen heterocycles can be produced by intramolecular aminopalladation reactions. A mixed copper(I)-copper(II) system can be generated in situ by partial reduction of copper sulfate with glucose.
