ABSTRACT

This concluding chapter explains how the relationships that shape perceptions of musical cultures are complex, with no binary distinction between the imperial oppressor and authentic national cultures. Established political powers and the movements that purport to trouble them regularly borrow one another’s tactics, even down to the appropriation of specific tunes. Similarly, commercial and political interests each influence musical output, but remain subservient to the genuine cultural interests of audiences. The most successful movements ultimately appeal to both.