ABSTRACT
The development of natural fibre–reinforced composite has increased the extensive array of applications. Perhaps one of the most important characteristics is the mechanical enactment due to interfacial bonding between the fibre and polymer matrix. Interfacial compatibility can be created through physical and chemical compatibility between the fibre and matrix. Interfacial adhesion can be improved through physical treatments; electric discharge is one of the methods used to change the surface structural properties of fibre. Hosting surface crosslinking and altering the surface energy or creating reactive free radicals stimulates mechanical bonding between the fibre and the matrix. Chemical modification is a way to permanently alter natural fibre cell walls by grafting polymers onto the fibres, crosslinking the fibre cell walls, or using coupling agents. Jute and lyocell fibres and bamboo micro-fabril fibres show good compatibility with a PHB matrix. Tea plant fibres, beer spent-grain fibres, and wood flour show good compatibility with PHA. Wood fibres, recycled cellulose fibres, and cellulose nanowhiskers show good compatibility with PHBV.
