ABSTRACT
The conclusion challenges the characterisation of the Spanish Civil War as the last gasp of the ‘first wave’ of anarchism in the twentieth century. It also argues for the incorporation of international anarchists in any assessment of the movement’s activities in Spain. Equally, understanding the international solidarity generated by the civil war means looking at all political groupings, including anarchists. The experience of the transatlantic anarchists provides important lessons for political movements seeking to challenge authoritarianism, patriarchy and war.
