ABSTRACT
The 1960s and 1970s saw a turn toward conservatism in the U.S., reflected in a change from concern for the community and caring to concern for the self and achievement, opposition to societal and governmental responsibility in favor of business and material enhancement, and a shift from social to biological ideology including in psychiatry. This trend is demonstrated in the “deinstitutionalization” program (motivated as much by reduction in social responsibility and cost for the mentally ill as by freeing them from restrictions), the Massachusetts General Hospital cleansing itself from Lindemann’s community mental health and orphaning the Wellesley Human Relations Service, and the Harvard Medical and Public Health Schools reneging on espousing social medicine in favor of biological medicine. Pockets of persistence of social ideology remained in programs, psychoanalysis, and Germany. Lindemann found refuge as visiting professor at Stanford Medical Center in the role of teacher and mentor. He, too, was gradually overtaken—by his terminal malignancy.
