ABSTRACT
The progress after Lindemann’s death of the cyclical shift from social to biological ideology is followed in psychiatry, medicine, and society. This restructuring is observed in the Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard University, the Stanford Medical Center, academic psychiatry, the Wellesley Human Relations Service, and public policy and programs. The perseverance of the social ideology is recognized in individual programs, psychoanalysis, German psychiatry, and the Wellesley Human Relations Service’s struggle to adapt. The search for remnants of Lindemann’s influence is found in the social medicine programs (which do not recognize their reflection of his social ideology) and in self-advocacy groups pressing for community participation in health care policy and practice. It also takes us through the welter of eulogies and appreciation on the occasion of his death, as well as varying degrees of respect for his memory among the institutions with which he was affiliated and the remnant of his associates.
