ABSTRACT
The tone of the 1960 election campaign indicates the fringe position of the pacifist groups in American life. The foremen preferred paternalism until they had developed a confidence in themselves based on an altered work situation in which they made decisions about style and methods of production. To summarize our argument: many Americans think that the only changes needed in our national life are minor ones, or choices between starkly stated alternatives. Only as the Second World War progressed did the American military begin to enlist advisers from civilian life, and a large number of intellectuals became involved in its planning and execution, while the physical scientists were of course heavily engaged. Whether in foreign policy or in personal life, Americans appear today to suffer from an inadequate formulation of their alternatives. Science and social science departments in a number of major universities have close personal and professional ties with these agencies.
