ABSTRACT
Sigmund Freud had brought his legendary difficulties with Alfred Adler to a head in 1911; the upshot had been to split the Vienna Psychoanalytic Society almost down the middle, as members withdrew in protest against Freud’s ideological intolerance. Only fragmentary evidence exists about the tiny group around Freud during World War I. He mainly spent his time systematizing his ideas, since his clinical practice was virtually nonexistent under wartime conditions. Helene Deutsch had attracted Freud as a potential pupil precisely because of her involvement with Julius Wagner von Jauregg clinic. In everyday life Freud was thoroughly bourgeois, and his system of ideas incorporated many characteristically middle-class elements. Freud had a cause for which he fought. In his writings he sounds like an embattled leader, and Helene was attracted to this side of him; in his office, though, he could be a masterful example of Old World charm.
