ABSTRACT
The displacement of motives which occurs in time under the form of an evolution towards reformism is closely connected with an evolution in space wherein the primary motive of socialist internationalism is replaced by that of social-patriotism. The revolutionary working class is only reliving the experience of the independents during the English revolution in the seventeenth century and that of the jacobins during the French revolution in the eighteenth century. The French revolution, which was the supreme struggle on the continent of Europe for the realisation of the political demands of the bourgeoisie, was to culminate in a universal rising of the peoples against the despots, and to make the Declaration of the Rights of Man the constitution of the whole human race. The Goddess of Reason, in whose honour the revolution set up its altars, was to become the deity of all mankind. A new Europe presupposes, first of all, the existence of new Europeans.
