ABSTRACT
This chapter explores the three different but often interlinked approaches to the delivery and financing of welfare, namely public, fiscal and occupational welfare using Richard Titmuss’s understanding of social policy as the starting point. It examines how the three approaches are defined and linked and how and if the different types of welfare can be measured. The state has a central role in welfare states due to market failure, to ensure financing and/or delivery of welfare goods including what is labelled merit-goods and can also support a social investment perspective. Occupational welfare relates to welfare delivered as a result of being on the labour market. Public financing for services can be done in order to ensure that all have access to services. Fiscal welfare refers to welfare financed and/or delivered through the tax system. Occupational welfare can be understood in both broad and narrow senses.
