ABSTRACT
This chapter discusses the various methods of extraction of herbs. Several important biologically actives compounds require nonpolar extraction, often phase separation and even multiple solvent extractions. Standardization of herbs is based on the premise that isolated/concentrated compounds are responsible for the action of an herb. A Full Spectrum Extract is one that reflects the natural chemical profile of the original plants without manipulation or selective extraction of one or more components. These extracts are a concentrated form of the original plant, produced by eliminating inactive material, such as fiber. Consequently, standardization may concentrate one constituent at the expense of other potentially important ones, while changing the natural balance of the herb’s chemical profile. There is also a risk involved in “standardization” of selective compounds. The industry uses the term “standardization” with a great deal of liberty without understanding the concept or science.
