ABSTRACT
This chapter moves into the basics that are shared across different data-driven techniques. It covers each topic independently and more in-depth. A system is a set of interrelated processes. The bus to work contains a large number of systems—an electrical system, an engine, a powertrain, GPS and many more. These systems are composed of thousands of processes. Each and every one of these processes generates an observable result. Each observable result can be recorded. Recorded results are data. Moreover, note that there are millions of things that could be collected as data but only some are collected, although the number of processes collected as data is increasing. The chapter discusses the full landscape where most or all of the decisions and actions are done by a machine as in the self-driving car example. It also discusses methods where most of the cognition is performed in the brain as in the restaurant selection problem.
