ABSTRACT
Perovskite oxides exhibit variable chemical compositions, due to the availability of a wide range of A- and B-site cations and valences in their relatively simple structures. The partial replacement of the A- and B-site cations with donor-acceptor elements leads to tailored bandgap and improved accompanying properties. The synthesis of perovskites is facile, and the flexibility to allocate various ions in their lattice leads the perovskite structured materials to exhibit diverse properties favorable for a wide range of science and engineering applications. For instance, owing to the good electrical, ionic, and electronic conductivity of some perovskite oxides, they are highly recommended as a replacement of noble metals in several catalytic reactions. The typical properties of perovskite structured materials are ferroelectricity, magnetism, superconductivity, catalytic activity, etc. which are explored well in different applications, as listed in Table 8.1. Some of the important characteristics of perovskite materials suitable for several applications are strange valence states, mixed valences, anion excess or deficiencies, oxygen vacancies, and valence alternations without structural change.
