ABSTRACT
The last chapter focuses, at length and with many concrete examples, on the possibilities for racial change in this systemically racist society. Feagin first summarizes barriers to societal change that lie in the pervasive and deep-seated character of the white racial frame, with its extensive rationalizing of white privilege, generating racial discrimination, and, most recently, resurgent white nationalism. Most of the chapter examines thoroughly data on how the white racial frame can be deframed and reframed, for whites of all ages. It discusses the importance of whites listening carefully to people of color, countering their own racial alexithymia, and learning to dissent from racist framing and actions, especially in all-white settings. This is followed by an assessment of multiracial groups of Americans engaging in authentic anti-racist work. Then the last sections focus on reparations for those long oppressed by whites, with a specific focus on the many discussions of reparations for African Americans; with the high societal costs of continuing white racism, including white isolation and identity politics; and with the broad societal benefits from serious and systemic change in U.S. patterns of racial oppression.
