ABSTRACT
The propaganda phenomenon has existed for a long time but can only be called the predecessor, or embryonic, form of propaganda. As an anti-advocacy liberal fighter, Creel not only held a critical attitude toward large companies but also had made no efforts to propagate their propaganda. Reflections on World War I propaganda also extended to a reassessment of the role of progressive and liberal intellectuals. One of the most puzzling phenomena in the propaganda of World War I is that liberal intellectuals who criticized pre-war propaganda became active advocates of propaganda after the war broke out. If the Enlightenment era saw the discovery of rational people, then the turn of the 19th century and the 20th century saw the discovery of irrational people. With the spread of modernization, propaganda is everywhere, which is not only illustrated by the traditional war propaganda and political propaganda, but also reflected by modern propaganda, public relations, education and culture.
