ABSTRACT
The environment of militarized management and warfare provided an ideal context and justification for experimenting with a new idea of propaganda. The establishment of order in a disordered world is both a purpose of propaganda and where contradiction lies. Mao Zedong’s notion of “pan-propaganda” not only attributes the entire communication activity to propaganda, but it even considers that the behavior itself and the effects of the behavior are propaganda. Like Lenin, Mao also regarded theoretical work as a critical component of propaganda, in particular the power of writing and interpretation of history. The thought reform in the rectification movement has created a new propaganda technique. Propaganda in the traditional sense is mass persuasion directed toward the collective. Many of the investigated are extremely anxious, analyzing the documents on the rectification movement and negative cases over and over again and relentlessly dissecting their own inner thoughts.
