ABSTRACT
This chapter focuses on the interaction between the individual and the physical environment as illustrated in the sociotechnical system. The psychological aspect of noise is more problematic to define due to its subjective nature. In general, however, noise acts as a stressor in the work environment and is annoying to most people. Many factors exist within a shipboard physical environment that can seriously compromise crew performance: these include factors such as noise, vibration, lighting, climatic conditions, and accommodation standards, as well as ship motions. In a shipboard environment noise can have varying effects, based on the sound level, frequency, and amplitude, as well as the task being performed. Noise-induced hearing impairment is considered one of the most prevalent irreversible occupational hazards. Excessive noise exposure gradually damages the very small hair-like sensors deep in the inner ear. Noise interferes with speech intelligibility and other communication tasks by adversely affecting the signal-to-noise ratio.
