ABSTRACT
Due to the considerable increase in the iron needed for red blood cell production, cellular activity and fetal requirements, iron deficiency anaemia is the most common haematological problem identified in pregnancy. It is associated with several complications of pregnancy including preterm birth, sepsis and postpartum haemorrhage. Midwives are in a key position to assess women for iron deficiency and to offer preventative advice and therapeutic treatment. Other deficiencies that affect red blood cell function include a lack of folate and vitamin B12.
Sickle cell disorders and thalassaemia are inherited disorders that affect the structure of haemoglobin, an essential component of red blood cells. The midwife requires a knowledge of the pattern of inheritance of these conditions for effective antenatal screening. Women with sickle cell anaemia may develop several complications during pregnancy, including an increase in pregnancy loss, fetal growth restriction, thromboembolism, urinary tract infections and an increased number of sickle cell crises. Consequently, midwives need a sound knowledge of the condition to ensure comprehensive assessment and timely involvement of the multidisciplinary team.
Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is more common in pregnancy and is a cause of maternal death. Risk assessment and prophylaxis for prevention of VTE, identification of common symptoms and the enabling of effective treatment are an integral aspect of maternity care provision.
