ABSTRACT
This conclusion presents some closing thoughts on the concepts covered in the preceding chapters of this book. The book argues that reported commute time by respondents tends to overestimate actual commute length as it includes reporting errors, travel time by slower transportation modes, and delayed time due to congestion. It aims to measure wasteful commuting at the most disaggregate level by simulating trip ends, that is, individual resident workers and individual jobs within zones, and thus has effectively mitigated the scale effect. The book provides estimated commute distance and time for actual journey-to-work trips as a new benchmark for existing commuting. The concept of wasteful commuting captures the potential for a city to reduce its overall commuting given its spatial arrangement of homes and jobs. The simulation approach is to overcome the limitation of census data, a common source for commuting and many other socioeconomic studies.
