ABSTRACT
This chapter focuses on central criteria of Carolingian culture such as the Carolingian script, religious texts of Benedictine and canonical life, the Bible and Homiliaries. Perhaps the most visible presence of Carolingian culture in early medieval Catalonia is seen in the diffusion of its cultural techniques and achievements, such as the dissemination of writing the new Carolingian minuscule in the Hispanic border region. The production of the Bible in the late eighth- to early ninth-century Spanish March – that is, during the period of the Carolingian theologians’ struggle against the Adoptionism of Bishop Felix of Urgell and his followers – is only observable in some fragments. The Carolingian culture was established and confirmed as a result of the challenges facing the transcultural frontier societies of southern and south-eastern Europe, thus in the multicultural and multi-religious Mediterranean world.
