ABSTRACT
31 Figure 31.1 shows a contrast-enhanced transverse slice from an abdominal CT examination. This patient, an 18-month-old Maltese terrier, shows slow growth accompanied by elevated pre- and post-prandial bile acid concentrations. https://s3-euw1-ap-pe-df-pch-content-public-p.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/9780429401725/9d69b4ae-80d1-4f44-9dcb-659cda134065/content/fig31_1_C.jpg"/>
i. What are the two structures indicated by the asterisks on the image?
ii. Dogs with duplicated caudal vena cava are at higher risk for diagnosis of which other venous anomaly?
iii. Which breeds are the most frequently diagnosed with a duplicated caudal vena cava?
iv. There is no evidence of a portosystemic vascular anomaly on CT examination of this dog. What is the most likely cause for the clinical signs and chemistry findings?
