ABSTRACT
The land resource in a well-developed city is limited. One possible to create more space is moving development at grade into underground space. For example, metro systems, underpasses and road tunnels are some common practice to achieve effective transportation without occupying the space at grade. Also, utility services are laid underground individually in some cities. Combined services tunnels can be considered to organize the underground utility services better. In addition, by putting sewage treatment and refuse transfer facilities underground, it can provide a better environment to neighboring areas. With reference to projects in China and Singapore, this paper will discuss the recent trend on the effective use of underground space and highlight the major design considerations to achieve a good result. An integrated approach and proper planning of the construction work to minimize the impact due to the construction of underground facilities will be addressed.
