ABSTRACT
Internet of Things (IoTs) has already grown beyond niche industrial and medical applications into every market and industry, and growth is anticipated to be exponential. Threats to ports and ships can impact on the trade flows between nations, and it can cause damage to corporations. Ports and their stakeholders are becoming increasingly complex and dependent on the digitalization of the process related to the IT and platform solutions that interest the entire supply chain. Last but the least is the work done by the IMO that issued guidelines on maritime cyber risk management that provide high-level recommendations on maritime cyber risk management to safeguard shipping from current and emerging cyber threats and vulnerabilities. The literature review shows that early attacks were not immensely dangerous because of less connectivity of computers and difficulties in collection of ransom money from users. Ports and the maritime industry compete as part of entire supply chains.
