ABSTRACT
The League of Nations Society (LNS) in Canada held special appeal, embodying as it did the idealistic heritage of the 'war to end all wars'. Women could join either directly as LNS members or become associated through the corporate memberships of their own societies. In order to preserve contact among women of dramatically opposed views, she led resistance in Canada and in the International to discussion of such subjects as birth control and the exact implications of collective security. Carrie Carmichael of Canada had, for instance, to report after a recruiting trip to South America that the Argentine Council was "wholly irregular", excluding as it did all suffrage and reform groups. In Canada the effort to appear always moderate and respectable was handicap enough; in the world at large it was still more debilitating. Dissatisfaction with existing women’s organizations, including the Councils, helped create the Women’s International League for Peace and Freedom in Paris in 1915.
