ABSTRACT
This chapter aims to present the discussion on intelligence-gathering by introducing electronic and open source intelligence both in the public and the private domain. It discusses cyberspace and the increasing use of data bases and on-line information systems in law enforcement and the business community. The chapter also aims to attempt cyberspies involved in economic and industrial espionage, hackers and electronic infiltration and more generally the discussion on infowars or cyberwars. It deals with regard to the social impact of the new intelligence-gathering techniques; the political consequences and the academic challenges these new developments pose for a scientific community predominantly occupied with the most visible form of intelligence-gathering: humint. There is an evident need to broaden the discussion on concepts like proactive methods, surveillance, intelligence, privacy and democratic control. Technical intelligence and open source intelligence go far beyond anything Sun Tzu could have imagined.
