ABSTRACT
This chapter discusses giant optical path length (OPL) from thin-layer molybdenum disulphide originated from their high refractive indices. Refractive optical components rely on the OPL to modify the phase front of an optical beam. It shows that high-index two-dimensional (2D) materials have extraordinary elastic interactions with light, enabled uniquely by the combination of their ultra-thin nature and high refractive indices. 2D layered materials have emerged as promising candidates for miniaturisation of optoelectronic devices, such as photo-detectors, light emitters, absorbers, edge non-linear optics and valleytronic devices, due to their strong inelastic interactions with light. The giant scattering efficiency in high-index 2D materials makes it possible to achieve sophisticated light manipulation based on collective scattering by nanostructured patterns. 2D optical components represents a significant advantage in manufacturing compared to conventional 3D optical components, because different functionalities can all be achieved in a 2D platform sharing the same fabrication processes and this will greatly facilitate large-scale manufacturing and integration.
