ABSTRACT
Advances in nanoscience and nanotechnology have introduced a variety of novel materials (e.g., graphene) and nanostructures (e.g., carbon nanotubes, nanowires) with unique optical, electrical, magnetic, or catalytic properties. The integration of these nanostructures with biomaterials such as proteins, peptides, or DNA will greatly expand the impact of biosensors and bioelectronics. This chapter introduces two important nanostructures, carbon nanotubes and nanowires, and describes their synthesis and mechanisms for structure control. Methods by which carbon nanotubes and nanowires can be functionalized with appropriate agents for biosensor design are also discussed. This section is followed by a brief review of interesting new applications of these materials in electrochemical biosensors, field-effect-transistor-based biosensors, and nanofabrication of these biosensors. New applications of these materials in electrochemical biosensors, field-effect transistor (FET)-based biosensors, and nanofabrication of these biosensors are reviewed.
