ABSTRACT
Chapter 1, “Varieties of approach and country cases”, describes the anti-corruption efforts of five countries: France, Italy, the UK, the US and Australia. Descriptions are given of the specific characteristics of the public anti-corruption organizations, such as their institutional setup, their constitutional independence from the branches of power, the approach they take (prevention or repression), the scope of their operations within the country’s public and private sectors, the anti-corruption organization’s relationship with the actual administrative situation (macro vs. micro), the focus of its measures, the relationship between the anti-corruption effort and the government’s transparency effort.
