ABSTRACT
A search of the literature reveals a dearth of information on this topic, which is not to say that little knowledge exists. Multinational corporations in particular experience problems of culture clash every day, that is to say that the cultures of the organization have to be interpreted to suit the mores of the national cultures through which they work. Management norms and organizational design norms are shaped by the macro-environment. The questionnaire was mailed to the chief executives of the companies and mailed again to those not responding to the first wave. There is significant noise in the literature regarding the difference between strategic planning and strategic thinking. The orientation and strength of emphasis suggests an operational bias rather than a strategic one since it is generally agreed that planning helps play an important role in the development of operating budgets.
