ABSTRACT
This chapter compares and contrasts the computer policies of India, Japan, and Singapore. India chose a hybrid policy of research and development and import substitution. Japan, by contrast, used licensing to gain access to the latest computer technology and adapted the imported technology through research and development. The 1960s witnessed the development of large-scale integrated circuits. The ability to produce these large-scale integrated circuits on a thin silicon wafer, known as a chip, was developed during the 1970s. The improvements in speed, efficiency, and cost of computer systems have been accompanied by developments of the components to build the computer systems. The bargaining strength of the developing nations was further enhanced by the emergence of new competitors in the 1970s. The basic objective of the New Technology Policy was to develop indigenous technology to absorb and adapt imported technology appropriate to national priorities and resources.
