ABSTRACT
In Galilee, many synagogues were built, replacing the centralized sacrificial cult in the Temple. These often served as schools and houses of study. Defeat created new prospects for the creation of a widely accepted educational system. As dediticii, conquered enemies, after the Bar-Kokhba revolt, the Jews were united in defeat and humiliation as they had not been previously with state and Temple. Rome could no longer see them as a threat. The spirit of revolt was replaced by a spirit of capitalism somewhat alien to biblical (and gospel) teachings, which generally stress the virtues of poverty: yet, money could build synagogues and schools and pay teachers. The Patriarch’s wealth and power advertized the benefits of Roman rule, despite its oppression. The teaching that ‘Torah scholars increase peace in the world’ could now replace Jewish nationalist messianic militancy and the open call for liberation from Rome. Jewish education, no longer threatening dissidence and revolt, could be sanctioned by Rome.
