ABSTRACT
The affluence–purpose paradox refers to a widespread lack of purpose in life in the most affluent societies in human history. In this opening chapter, the affluence–purpose paradox is defined in general and its applicability to youth development in identity societies is sketched out. This chapter also lays out the focus and plan of the book; namely, to explain the causes and consequences of the contradictions in people’s lives based on evidence that young people of current and recent generations have struggled to realize positive, growth-enhancing forms of human development. This evidence comes from research indicating that the majority of youth experience significant problems and deficits with three interrelated forms of development: identity formation (proactively establishing commitments), purpose (setting goals larger than self-interest), and intellectual development (academic engagement). The research clearly indicates that people who are proactive in their identity formation tend to have a better sense of purpose and engage themselves more in their academic (and other) activities. This chapter thus sets the stage for seeking answers to the question of why, at this auspicious time in history, so many people are failing to rise to the occasion and capitalize on the affluence of the historical era.
